George E. P. Box

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George E. P. Box, Professor of Statistics at the University of Wisconsin

"All models are wrong. Some are useful."

Sometimes seen as: "All models are false but some models are useful."

The remark has two phrasings, both of which appear in George E.P. Box & Norman R. Draper, Empirical Model-Building and Response Surfaces (Wiley 1987) pp. 74 and 424: "Remember that all models are wrong; the practical question is how wrong do they have to be to not be useful."; "Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful."




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